玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚:超流、超导、超固态 | 本周物理学讲座

中国物理学会  |   2019-04-16 20:01

来源:中国物理学会期刊网

1玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚:超流、超导、超固态

报告人:刘伍明,中科院物理所

时间:4月16日(周二)18:30

单位:中国科学院大学

地点:雁栖湖校区 教1-113

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚是物理学的一个基本现象,包括1995年实现的原子气体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、1911 年发现的超导及1986年发现的高温超导、1937年发现的氦4超流及1971 年发现的氦3超流。这些研究先后9 次16人获得诺贝尔物理学奖。本报告将基于玻色子凝聚、费米子对凝聚,介绍近年来研究的超冷原子凝聚、半导体激子凝聚、磁性材料磁振子凝聚、氦3氦4混合物超固态、铁基超导等,以及这些系统中的拓扑量子相变、强关联效应、自旋Hall效应、拓扑超流等奇异现象。


2轴子暗物质的共振腔探测研究

报告人:李田军,中国科学院理论物理研究所

时间:4月16日(周二)14:30

单位:清华大学

地点:物理系理科楼C109

标准模型已经被实验证实, 故寻找超出标准模型的新物理是粒子物理最重要的前沿课题。强 CP 问题的最佳解决方案是Peccei-Quinn (PQ) 机制,并预言了轴子。轴子是冷暗物质的候选者,如果质量约为 50 μeV, 其剩余丰度与目前的观测值相符合。特别是轴子及其推广类轴子与主要超出标准模型的新物理如超对称,大统一理论,超弦理论,和暴涨等存在紧密地联系。因此,轴子是非常有希望的超出标准模型的新物理。目前轴子暗物质的共振腔探测实验都是质量从小到大的方式扫描寻找轴子,并且已有技术能探测到的轴子质量上限是 40 μeV, 相应频率是 10 GHz. 我们采用弯道超车策略,直接扫描轴子的质量范围约为32-40 μeV,其相应频率是 8-10 GHz. 特别是我们的轴子质量扫描范围比将来同时期的其它国际实验的更大更接近暗物质轴子的理论预言值,故我们的实验更有希望首先发现轴子,取得开拓性成果。我们拟研制具有两杆或多杆的 8-10 GHz 的共振腔,具有特定频率响应范围和放大倍数的低噪声 JPA,以及微波单光子探测器等。我们的实验是在低温共振腔内加 14T 的磁场,将轴子转化为相应频率的光子,并观测光子信号。改变共振腔中杆的位置将改变频率,我们将扫描的轴子质量范围约为32-40 μeV. 同时我们将研究微波单光子探测器,为将来探测更重的轴子奠定扎实的基础。

3Multi-outcome homodyne detection in a coherent-state light interferometer

报告人:金光日,浙江理工大学

时间:4月16日(周二)15:30

单位:清华大学

地点:物理系理科楼C302

The Cramer-Rao bound plays a central role in both classical and quantum parameter estimation, but finding the observable and the resulting inversion estimator that saturates this bound remains an open issue for general multi-outcome measurements. Here we consider multi-outcome homodyne detection in coherent-light Mach-Zehnder interferometer and construct a family of inversion estimators that almost saturate the Cramer-Rao bound over the whole range of phase interval. This provides a clue on constructing optimal inversion estimators for phase estimation and other parameter estimation in any multi-outcome measurement.

4LHCb实验的最新进展

报告人:杨振伟,清华大学

时间:4月17日(周三)10:00

单位:北京航空航天大学

地点:Room 513, Main Building

LHCb实验是欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机上为重味物理设计的探测器,主要物理目标是通过电荷宇称破坏和稀有衰变的精确测量间接寻找新物理、通过强子谱与强子产生机制研究深入理解量子色动力学等。本报告将介绍LHCb实验的最新进展。

5DarkSPIDER: a tool to constrain Dark Matter particle candidates with astrophysical observations

报告人:Chao Zhang

时间:4月17日(周三)12:00

单位:北京大学

地点:KIAA 1st meeting room

Until now there is no experimental evidence to prove the existence of a supersymmetric Dark Matter candidate. We have developed a tool applying the Chi2 least method to constrain the Dark Matter particle models by confronting the effective field theory with data from indirect detection, direct detection and collider-based experiments and relic density. We found most of the parameter space in the low mass range has been excluded out in several models. The velocity-dependent annihilating Dark Matter candidates could not been ruled out by the existing data, and we constrain this type of models by taking into account the Sommerfeld Enhanced self-annihilation and inverse Compton scattering to fit the FermiLAT IGRB data. Additional constraint from the CMB data helps to exclude a large area in the parameter space. We make a prediction of the photon flux from systems with different velocity dispersion profiles, this could be a tool to rule out the p-wave Dark Matter particle candidate or reveal its properties with only astrophysical data if we could get higher resolutions in the future to observe the dSphs and the other targets. A dynamical solution to the Boltzmann Equation is accomplished to show a different freeze-out scenario for a dark sector with multiple particles.

6天河系列超级计算机应用创新发展

报告人:菅晓东

时间:4月17日(周三)14:00

单位:北京航空航天大学

地点:物理学院学术交流厅(513)

7QCD Aspects of Radiative Leptonic B Decays

报告人:Yuming Wang,Nankai Univerisity

时间:4月17日(周三)14:30

单位:中科院理论物理所

地点:Room 6420, ITP NEW BUILDING

I will discuss the theory status of computing the subleading power corrections to radiative leptonic B decays in QCD, focusing on factorization properties of the corresponding SCET matrix elements in the heavy quark expansion as well as the infrared subtraction scheme in the presence of the evanescent operators. Determinations of the inverse moment for the leading-twist B-meson LCDA from the integrated branching fractions of B to \gamma l nu, with a photon energy cut E_{\gamma} > E_{cut}, will be also discussed, including perspectives on the future measurements at the Bell II experiment.

8拓扑电偶极子和多极子

报告人:刘丰,日本关西学院大学

时间:4月17日(周三)15:30

单位:北京师范大学

地点:物理楼106

拓扑作为一个新兴概念被广泛应用于固体材料的设计。 拓扑非平凡的材料具有拓扑保护的本征边界态。拓扑边界态不会被微小的扰动所破坏。因此有可能应用于低功耗电子器件。
通常,拓扑边界态的出现需要电子自旋轨道耦合。 在这次的报告中我们将讨论一种在零电子自旋轨道耦合下的拓扑边界态1,2。该拓扑边界态的形成是由于体系本身的非零电偶极子。和通常的认知不同的是,该非零电偶极子是在宇称对称性下出现的,因此是一个由对称性保护的拓扑量。另外,拓扑电偶极子可以推广至更高维度如拓扑电四极子,对应的是二维中的拓扑角态。我们还发现,在拓扑角态存在的系统中,拓扑边界态通常是螺旋的,如果体系具有自旋或者赝自旋自由度3。
具体的我们将二维 Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型作为一个例子。我们将讨论拓扑边界和角态在二维Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型出现的条件,和这些拓扑边界态和角态的性质,以及如何用固体材料和光子晶体来实现这个二维 Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型。

9Threshold enhancement in ppbar invariant mass spectrum

报告人:康现伟,北京师范大学

时间:4月18日(周四)10:00

单位:中科院高能物理所

地点:B326, main building

The huge peak around the proton-antiproton (ppbar) mass threshold was observed in the J/psi radiative decay from BESII, and confirmed by BESIII. The nature about that is still challenging and various interpretations have been proposed. We have seriously and quantitatively considered the final state interaction (FSI) between ppbar in several decay modes observed in BES collaboration.It turns out that the FSI must not be a neglectable ingredient, and the prominent peak mentioned in J/psi radiative decay would be interpreted as a bound state.In this talk, we will introduce how we construct the chiral potential to treat nucleon-antinucleon scattering, and the resulting FSI. We have also applied our such method to the process of e+e- -> multipions, where the observed clear dip structure in experiment is also described.

10退禁闭量子相变点的分数化激发和涌现对称性

报告人:马女森,中国科学院物理研究所

时间:4月18日(周四)13:30

单位:清华大学

地点:物理系理科楼C302

退禁闭量子相变是一类超越传统Laudau-Ginzburg-Wilson理论的新的量子相变,不同于传统LGW基于序参量的相变分析,退禁闭量子相变需要基于分数化的规范场理论加以解释,是两个自发破缺不同对称性的相位之间的连续相变。由于分数化的激发,目前通常认为退禁闭量子相变也伴随相变点的涌现对称性。我们通过量子蒙特卡洛方法对一类认为存在退禁闭量子相变的量子自旋系统进行大规模计算研究,得到相变点能够直接通过实验测量的动力学结构因子,通过相变点处动力学谱不同于传统LGW相变的多个特征,进一步支持退禁闭自旋子(分数化自由度)的存在可能。同时,基于诺特定理,分析了相变点处的对称性情况,为退禁闭量子临界点的涌现对称性提供了更直接的证据。

11Detecting High Energy Cosmic Rays in Space with Dark Matter Particle Explorer

报告人:Qiang Yuan,Purple Mountain Observatory

时间:4月18日(周四)14:00

单位:清华大学

地点:蒙民伟科技南楼S727

High-energy cosmic rays are important probe of particle acceleration, propagation, and interaction in the Milky Way, as well as the turbulent status of the interstellar medium. They can also be used to indirectly detect dark matter particles which are postulated to be able to annihilate or decay into cosmic rays. The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a high-energy cosmic ray and gamma-ray detector dedicated to indirect search for dark matter and studies of high-energy astrophysics. After its launch in December, 2015, DAMPE detector has been operated smoothly for more than 3 years in orbit and have recorded more than 6 billion events. The performance of DAMPE detector and progress of physical analysis will be introduced. Some physical implication of DAMPE results will also be discussed.

12超强激光驱动粒子加速器及应用

报告人:马文君

时间:11月18日(周四)15:00

单位:北京航空航天大学

地点:物理学院学术交流厅(513)

13Quantum materials under extreme conditions

报告人:Shiyan Li,Fudan University

时间:11月18日(周四)16:00

单位:清华大学

地点:理科楼郑裕彤讲堂

Superconductors, spin liquids, and topological semimetals are typical quantum materials currently under intensive study. In this talk, I will present our investigation of these quantum materials in recent few years by putting them under extreme conditions, such as ultralow temperature, high magnetic field, high pressure, and ultrathin flake. By measuring the ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity and specific heat, we may judge the superconducting gap structure of a novel superconductor and whether a frustrated quantum magnet has a spin liquid ground state. By measuring the quantum oscillation of the magnetoresistance under high field, we may reveal the Fermi surfaces of a topological semimetal and judge whether it is topologically nontrivial or not. By applying high pressure, we expect to induce superconductivity in a topological semimetal and get a topological superconductor candidate. Finally, by gating the ultrathin flake of a quasi-two-dimensional material, we can finely tune its ground state over a broad carrier doping range and study the quantum phase transitions.

14拓扑电偶极子和多极子

报告人:刘丰,日本关西学院大学

时间:4月19日(周五)10:00

单位:清华大学

地点:物理系理科楼C302

拓扑作为一个新兴概念被广泛应用于固体材料的设计。 拓扑非平凡的材料具有拓扑保护的本征边界态。拓扑边界态不会被微小的扰动所破坏。因此有可能应用于低功耗电子器件。
通常,拓扑边界态的出现需要电子自旋轨道耦合。 在这次的报告中我们将讨论一种在零电子自旋轨道耦合下的拓扑边界态1,2。该拓扑边界态的形成是由于体系本身的非零电偶极子。和通常的认知不同的是,该非零电偶极子是在宇称对称性下出现的,因此是一个由对称性保护的拓扑量。另外,拓扑电偶极子可以推广至更高维度如拓扑电四极子,对应的是二维中的拓扑角态。我们还发现,在拓扑角态存在的系统中,拓扑边界态通常是螺旋的,如果体系具有自旋或者赝自旋自由度3。
具体的我们将二维 Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型作为一个例子。我们将讨论拓扑边界和角态在二维Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型出现的条件,和这些拓扑边界态和角态的性质,以及如何用固体材料和光子晶体来实现这个二维 Su-Schrieffer-Heeger 模型。

15A new dispersive method and its application in pi-pi scattering

报告人:戴凌云,湖南大学

时间:11月19日(周五)10:00

单位:中科院理论物理所

地点:Room 322, ITP North BUILDING

In this talk I will present a new dispersion method to describe two body scattering. Unitarity is imposed well in this method.  The amplitudes of different partial waves of pi-pi scattering are obtained. The pole locations and residues are extracted out. Our results show that the poles are more sensitive to the right hand cut rather than the left hand cut,and the latter is constrained well by the former. This new method could be helpful to study general processes of two-body scattering.



更多报告信息:中国物理学会期刊网学术讲座列表




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来源:cpsjournals 中国物理学会期刊网

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