对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料防弹性能及其破坏机制

《复合材料学报》优先在线发表论文。

摘  要：为研究对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的防弹性能及其破坏机制，采用铅芯弹侵彻复合材料靶片。以对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维作增强纤维，环氧树脂（Epoxy resin，EP）作基体树脂，纳米SiO2和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（Polyvinyl butyral，PVB）作增韧剂，通过热压工艺制备单向（Unidirectional，UD）结构的对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料靶片。研究单片纤维面密度、UD片材结构、射击角度和树脂改性对靶片防弹性能的影响；观察弹击实验后靶片的破坏形貌，分析靶片的破坏机制。研究结果表明：对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维/环氧树脂复合材料具有优异的防弹性能，随着单层纤维面密度的增加，靶片的防弹性能呈现整体上升、局部上下波动的变化趋势；4UD结构的防弹性能优于2UD结构；角度射击时，靶片的穿透比率更大，背衬凹陷深度（Back face signature，BFS）比率更小；PVB增韧改性环氧树脂提升了靶片的防弹性能；纤维拉伸变形破坏、片材分层和基体树脂碎裂是复合材料靶片主要的吸能方式。

关键词：对位芳香族聚酰胺纤维；环氧树脂；增韧改性；UD结构；破坏机制

Abstract: In order to investigate the bulletproof performance and failure mechanism of Para-aromatic polyamide fiber/epoxy resin composite, the lead core projectiles were employed to penetrate composite target. The type of reinforcement was Para-aromatic polyamide fiber, whereas the resin was Epoxy resin (EP); Nano-SiO2 and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were worked as modifier. Unidirectional (UD) composites were fabricated using hot pressing process. The effects of single-layer fiber areal density, the structure of UD sheet, shooting angle and resin modification on ballistic properties were discussed. Also, the final fracture morphologies were observed by the stereomicroscopy. More importantly, the failure mechanisms of composite target subjected to the ballistic impact were analyzed. The results show that para-aromatic polyamide fiber/epoxy composite exhibits excellent bulletproof performance. As the increasing of single-layer fiber areal density, the bulletproof performance of composite increases with fluctuations. Moreover, the bulletproof performances of 4UD structures are superior to those of 2UD structures. When shooting with a angle, the higher penetration layer ratio and smaller back face sign--ature (BFS) ratio are found. Also, PVB improves the bulletproof performance. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the energy absorptions are significantly influenced by the tensile deformation of fiber, the delamination of sheet and the matrix resin cracking.

Keywords: para-aromatic polyamide fiber; epoxy resin (EP); toughening modification; unidirectional (UD) structure; failure mechanism

作者：周庆等，北京普诺泰新材料科技有限公司，北京

通讯作者：周庆，北京普诺泰新材料科技有限公司，北京

全文详见中国知网学术期刊优先数字出版。