三维多级孔石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与电化学性能

《复合材料学报》优先在线发表论文。

摘  要：采用水热法合成聚糠醇（PFA），探究了表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加量和反应时间对PFA微观形貌的影响。将改进Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯（GO）对PFA、泡沫Ni进行包覆，探讨了PFA模板与GO不同质量比的包覆效果。去模板后成功构筑3D大孔石墨烯（3D rGO），3D rGO再经KOH活化获得三维多级孔石墨烯（3D PrGO），3D PrGO经与聚苯胺（PANI）原位复合获得3D PrGO/PANI复合材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、XPS和比表面（BET）分析法对材料的物相组成、微观结构、形貌及比表面和孔径进行表征，采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、电化学阻抗谱分析了3D PrGO/PANI复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明：通过控制糠醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及水的比例在180℃水热反应24h成功制备了球径在500 nm左右的PFA微球。在PFA与GO质量比为1 : 1时包覆效果最佳。450℃热处理6h成功去除PFA模板并形成400~600 nm左右的大孔，经KOH活化后，在3D PrGO上形成介孔结构。3D PrGO/PANI复合材料在0.5 A/g电流密度下比电容为433 F/g，在1A/g下1000次循环充放电之后，复合材料的比电容保留75%，高于纯PANI的69%。

关键词：三维多孔石墨烯；聚苯胺；模板法；KOH活化；电化学性能

Abstract: Poly (furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The effect of surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) amount and hydrothermal duration on the micromorphology of PFA was investigated. PFA and Ni foam were coated with graphene oxide (GO) prepared by the modified Hummers method, and the coating effects of different mass ratios of PFA : GO were investigated. 3D macroporous graphene (3D rGO) was successfully built through removing PFA and Ni foam templates. 3D hierarchical porous graphene (3D PrGO) was constructed on 3D rGO by KOH activation. 3D PrGO/PANI were synthesized by in-situ composite. The phase composition, microstructure and morphology were analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET) measurements. The electrochemical performance of the composites were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that PFA microspheres with a diameter of about 500 nm are successfully synthesized by controlling the ratio of furfuryl alcohol, PVP and water at 180℃ for 24h. The coating effect is the best at mass ratio of PFA : GO=1 : 1. The PFA templates are successfully removed by heat treatment at 450℃ for 6h and pore sizes of 400~600 nm are formed. The mesopores are formed on the 3D rGO after KOH activation. The specific capacitance of 3D PrGO/PANI composites is 433 F/g at 0.5 A/g, and retains 75% after 1000 cycling at 1 A/g, which is higher than that of pure PANI 69%.

Keywords: 3D hierarchical porous graphene; polyaniline; template method; KOH activation; electrochemical performance

作者：侯朝霞等，沈阳大学 机械工程学院 辽宁省新型功能材料与化学工艺重点实验室，沈阳

通讯作者：侯朝霞，沈阳大学 机械工程学院 辽宁省新型功能材料与化学工艺重点实验室，沈阳

全文详见中国知网学术期刊优先数字出版。